Population based cohort study of the association between alcohol intake and cancer of the upper digestive tract
BMJ 1998; 317 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.317.7162.844 (Published 26 September 1998) Cite this as: BMJ 1998;317:844- Morten Grønbæk, senior research fellow (mg{at}ipm.hosp.dk)a,
- Ulrik Becker, chief physicianb,
- Ditte Johansen, statisticiana,
- Hanne Tønnesen, senior research fellowc,
- Gorm Jensen, chief physiciand,
- Thorkild I A Sørensen, professora
- aCopenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, 1399CopenhagenK, Denmark,
- bAlcohol Unit, Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark,
- cDepartment of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark
- dCopenhagen City Heart Study, Epidemiological Research Unit, Bispebjerg University Hospital, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Correspondence to: Dr Grønbæk
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relation between different types of alcoholic drinks and upper digestive tract cancers (oropharyngeal and oesophageal).
Design: Population based study with baseline assessment of intake of beer, wine, and spirits, smoking habits, educational level, and 2-19 years' follow up on risk of upper digestive tract cancer.
Setting: Denmark.
Subjects: 15 117 men and 13 063 women aged 20 to 98 years.
Main outcome measure: Number and time of identification of incident upper digestive tract cancer during follow up.
Results: During a mean follow up of 13.5 years, 156 subjects developed upper digestive tract cancer. Compared with non-drinkers (drinkers of <1 drink/week), subjects who drank 7-21 beers or spirits a week but no wine were at a risk of 3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 6.1), whereas those who had the same total alcohol intake but with wine as 30% of their intake had a risk of 0.5 (0.2 to 1.4). Drinkers of >21 beers and spirits but no wine had a relative risk of 5.2 (2.7 to 10.2) compared with non-drinkers, whereas those who drank the same amount, but included wine in their alcohol intake, had a relative risk of 1.7 (0.6 to 4.4).
Conclusion:A moderate intake of wine probably does not increase the risk of upper digestive tract cancer, whereas a moderate intake of beer or spirits increases the risk considerably.