BMJ 2001;323:957-962 ( 27 October )

Papers

Randomised trials of secondary prevention programmes in coronary heart disease: systematic review

Finlay A McAlister, assistant professor, ^a Fiona M E Lawson, assistant clinical professor, ^b Koon K Teo, professor, ^d Paul W Armstrong, professor. ^c

^a Division of General Internal Medicine, 2E3.24 WMC, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, AL, Canada T6G 2R7, ^b Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, Canada T6G 2R7, ^c Division of Cardiology, University of Alberta, ^d Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4l8

Correspondence to: F McAlister Finlay.McAlister{at}ualberta.ca

Objective: To determine whether multidisciplinary disease management programmes for patients with coronary heart disease improve processes of care and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Data sources: Randomised clinical trials of disease management programmes in patients with coronary heart disease were identified by searching Medline 1966-2000, Embase 1980-99, CINAHL 1982-99, SIGLE 1980-99, the Cochrane controlled trial register, the Cochrane effective practice and organisation of care study register, and bibliographies of published studies.
Data extraction: Studies were selected and data were extracted independently by two investigators, and summary risk ratios were calculated by using both the random effects model and the fixed effects model.
Data synthesis: A total of 12 trials (9803 patients with coronary heart disease) were identified. Disease management programmes had positive impacts on processes of care. Patients randomised to these programmes were more likely to be prescribed efficacious drugs (risk ratio 2.14 (95% confidence interval 1.92 to 2.38) for lipid lowering drugs, 1.19 (1.07 to 1.32) for  blockers, and 1.07 (1.03 to 1.11) for antiplatelet agents). Five out of seven trials evaluating risk factor profiles showed significantly greater improvements with these programmes in comparison with usual care (with effect sizes in the moderate range). Summary risk ratios were 0.91 (0.79 to 1.04) for all cause mortality, 0.94 (0.80 to 1.10) for recurrent myocardial infarction, and 0.84 (0.76 to 0.94) for admission to hospital. Five of the eight trials evaluating quality of life or functional status reported better outcomes in the intervention arms. Only three of these trials reported the costs of the interventionthe interventions were cost saving in two cases.
Conclusions: Disease management programmes improve processes of care, reduce admissions to hospital, and enhance quality of life or functional status in patients with coronary heart disease. The programmes' impact on survival and recurrent infarctions, their cost effectiveness, and the optimal mix of components remain uncertain.

What is already known on this topic Evidence based cardiac rehabilitation programmes of varying intensity improve morbidity and mortality in survivors of myocardial infarction Patients with coronary heart disease are increasingly referred to multidisciplinary clinics that use disease management approaches What this study adds Disease management approaches have a positive impact on processes of care (prescription of proved efficacious drugs and cardiovascular risk profiles of patients) Most of the trials reported that quality of life or functional status was better in patients treated with disease management rather than usual care The optimal mix of components and the cost effectiveness of these programmes is still uncertain

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Rapid Responses:

Read all Rapid Responses

Secondary prevention programmes may reduce overall mortality in high-risk patients

Jin Ling Tang
bmj.com, 31 Oct 2001 [Full text]

What are "improved outcomes"?

Bob Leckridge
bmj.com, 31 Oct 2001 [Full text]

Secondary prevention for CHD - ill defined inclusion criteria resulted in missed trials

Karen Rees
bmj.com, 14 Nov 2001 [Full text]