BMJ  2003;327:1453-1454 (20 December), doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7429.1453

Ward round

Audit of soap usage by a primary care team

¹ Canna Surgery, Cardiff CF11 9EE alan_stone{at}btinternet.com

Much discussion has taken place in the medical press recently about the role of handwashing in preventing the transmission of infection in hospital settings. Transmission of infection is also recognised in the primary care setting.¹ Semmelweis showed 150 years ago that if doctors performing necropsies washed their hands before delivering babies a reduction in mortality (from 22% to 3%) due to streptococcal puerperal sepsis could be achieved.² Many studies since have confirmed that doctors washing their hands between patients can reduce the rates of healthcare acquired infection.³ It has become widely accepted that nurses perform better than doctors at this simple measure to prevent cross infection.⁴ I was unable to find references to any attempt to quantify this and decided to perform an audit of the consumption of handwash soap from soap dispensers that were situated next to the sinks of members of the primary care team.

Participants, methods, and results

When we moved into a new primary care surgery identical liquid soap dispensers were permanently installed next to the sinks of all the members of the team, two nurses and three doctors. Each member of the team had his or her own sink, situated in the consulting rooms. Third parties such as locums or visitors used these sinks infrequently. The soap dispensers were all filled to the same level on the same day at the start of the study. During the course of the next year I recorded the volume of refills of each soap dispenser. All but one member of the team were blind to the study. At the end of the one year study period I recorded the level in each dispenser and calculated the amount of soap consumed. I measured the average volume of soap dispensed per actuation of the pump. The number of surgery consultations for each member of the team was available from computer records. A simple calculation provided the ratio of patients seen to actuations of the soap dispenser—namely, handwashes.

In this study in a primary care setting, nursing staff showed greater attention to personal hygiene than doctors (table). On the basis of my calculation of the ratio of handwashes to patients seen, the best performing nurse was twice as conscientious as the best performing doctor (1:1.9 v 1:4.8).

View this table: [in this window] [in a new window]   Soap usage among staff in a primary care setting

 

Comment

Nurses are more conscientious handwashers than doctors. Primary care teams in the United Kingdom are often small but usually share a similar mix of doctors and nurses. These results will not necessarily reflect handwashing practices in all teams but form a basis on which others may conduct similar audits. Nurses in this primary care team have shown greater attention to personal hygiene than doctors. The nurses have traditionally had a more "hands on" role, which may mean potential bias. Some members of the team may have been particularly thorough with hand washing and used more than one actuation per hand wash. These results would support the best performing nurse washing the hands at least twice as often (or twice as thoroughly) as the best performing doctor. At the Christmas party, guess who will be serving the cake....

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Contributors: AS is the author, sole contributor, and guarantor.

Funding: None.

Competing interests: AS has a paradoxical desire to prevent further embarrassment to the medical profession.

Ethical approval: Not applicable.

References

1. Cohen HA. Matalon A. Amir J. Paret G. Barzilai A. Hand washing patterns in primary pediatric community clinics. Infection 1998;26: 45-7.[Medline]
2. Rotter ML. 150 years of hand disinfection, Semmelweis' heritage. Hyg Med 1997;22: 332-9.
3. Larson EL. APIC Guidelines for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 1995;23: 251-69.[CrossRef][ISI][Medline]
4. Handwashing Liaison Group. Hand washing. BMJ 1999;318: 686.[Free Full Text]

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